The Pennsylvania Colony A Quaker Experiment in America

The Pennsylvania colony was one of the 13 original British colonies that became the United States of America. It was founded in 1682 by the English Quaker William Penn. Escape From European Persecution In 1681, William Penn, a Quaker, was given a land grant from King Charles II, who owed money to Penns deceased father. Immediately, Penn sent his cousin William Markham to the territory to take control of it and be its governor. Penns goal with Pennsylvania was to create a colony that allowed for freedom of religion. The Quakers were among the most radical of the English Protestant sects that had sprung up in the 17th century. Penn sought a colony in America—what he called a holy experiment—to protect himself and fellow Quakers from persecution. When Markham arrived on the western shore of the Delaware River, however, he found that the region was already inhabited by Europeans. Part of present-day Pennsylvania was actually included in the territory named New Sweden that had been founded by Swedish settlers in 1638. This territory was then surrendered to the Dutch in 1655 when Peter Stuyvesant sent a large force to invade. Swedes and Finns continued to arrive and settle in what would become Pennsylvania. Arrival of William Penn In 1682, William Penn arrived in Pennsylvania on a ship called the Welcome. He quickly instituted the First Frame of Government and created three counties: Philadelphia, Chester, and Bucks. When he called a General Assembly to meet in Chester, the assembled body decided that the Delaware counties should be joined with those of Pennsylvania and that the governor would preside over both areas. It would not be until 1703 that Delaware would separate itself from Pennsylvania. In addition, the General Assembly adopted the Great Law, which provided for the liberty of conscience in terms of religious affiliations. By 1683, the Second General Assembly created the Second Frame of Government. Any Swedish settlers were to become English subjects, seeing that the English were now in a majority in the colony. Pennsylvania During the American Revolution Pennsylvania played an extremely important role in the American Revolution. The First and Second Continental Congresses were convened in Philadelphia. This is where the Declaration of Independence was written and signed. Numerous key battles and events of the war occurred in the colony, including the crossing of the Delaware River, the Battle of Brandywine, the Battle of Germantown, and the winter encampment at Valley Forge. The Articles of Confederation were also drafted in Pennsylvania, the document that formed the basis of the new Confederation that was created at the end of the Revolutionary War. Significant Events In 1688, the first written protest against slavery in North America was created and signed by the Quakers in Germantown. In 1712, the slave trade was outlawed in Pennsylvania.  The colony was well-advertised, and by 1700 it was the third-biggest and the richest colony in the New World.Penn allowed for a representative assembly elected by landowners.Freedom of worship and religion was granted to all citizens.In 1737, Benjamin Franklin was named the postmaster of Philadelphia. Before this, he had set up his own printing shop and started publishing Poor Richards Almanack. In the following years, he was named the first president of the Academy, performed his famous electricity experiments, and was an important figure in the fight for American independence. Sources Frost, J.W. William Penns Experiment in the Wilderness: Promise and Legend. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 107, no. 4, October 1983, pp. 577-605.Schwartz, Sally. William Penn and Toleration: Foundations of Colonial Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, vol. 50, no. 4, October 1983, pp. 284-312.

How Atticus Finch and Elie Wiesel Demonstrate Heoric...

According to Umberto Eco, â€Å"The real hero is always a hero by mistake†¦.† In other words, one doesn’t act heroic as a lifestyle, but by surprise when the time comes to do so. To be heroic means to put others before you in a desperate time of someone else’s despair. Two works of literature that agree with the critical lens are the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee and the memoir, Night, by Elie Wiesel. Atticus Finch and Elie Wiesel both demonstrate heroic actions unintentionally. Atticus Finch from, To Kill a Mockingbird, is characterized as a wise man that is an exceptional father to his children and always teaches them the right perspective about life and the people around them. He was appointed to the lawyer for a†¦show more content†¦Atticus was like a wise owl, he continuously strived to teach his children the way he taught himself how to deal with daily conflicts in life. When the father of the girl who was raped spit i n Atticus’ face, he said that he would take getting spit in the face as many times as it saves the girl from getting beaten by her father. Another scenario, is that when men rioted at the jail the night before they moved Tom, he said although they were mad they were still good people. Atticus symbolized a hero; he always wanted to give everyone else the benefit of the doubt. He always looked for the good in everything. Elie Wiesel was the protagonist of the memoir Night who overcomes many obstacles while in the Holocaust. Elie was fifteen when he was put in concentration camps. He was separated from his mother and sisters forever; they were immediately sent to the crematoriums. All Elie had was his father who never showed much emotion or affection. Elie lied about his age and said he was older so he could stay with his father as he was advised to by a stranger who was also in the Holocaust. Elie was worked, almost to death, for one year. He also maintained to keep with his father and keep him motivated and hopeful till the very end. Throughout the year he watched his father be beaten, stripped down, and nearly dead. Elie had also been beaten; he had been especially victimized by a â€Å"Kapo† named

Death in Literature - 803 Words

Death In Literature Death is a natural part of life, its the saddest part of life; no doubt about it. In literature, death is often the theme expressed in tragedies, this theme may not necessarily be a lesson, but may appear to be more of a story being told. With death the theme the tone can still vary. This is because the tone is just an expression given by the writer, when the expression changes the tone changes as well. There are three ways to view death, the death of a friend, the death of ourselves, and the afterlife. There are many poems that have to do with death, however it doesnt have to a poem, songs are great uses of literature as well. The poem Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone by W.H. Auden, Im afraid of death by Kathleen Ossip, and the song â€Å"Were in Heaven† by Bryan Adams are all great examples of death in literature. Each shows a different view of death. Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone is a poem written by W.H. Auden in a theme about death, expressed in a tragical way. The poem takes place after someone the poet knows has died. The tone of the poem is sad as it conveys a mournful message towards the person who died. The tone however expresses to be calm but not relaxed at all, but its attitude is confident and solid. Its tittle â€Å"stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone† is meant to mean we must take time to mourn those who had died in a moment of silence. As the clocks may make noise with the ringing but they also are a symbolShow MoreRelatedDeath in American Literature2425 Words   |  10 Pagesthat doubts and questions its own reflections. They employ death as the focal point of self-consciousness, the unknowable center around which our thoughts inevitably swirl (whether we are aware of it or not).   Compare Dickinson’s poem #315 and Poe’s â€Å"Ligeia† on the topic. Philosophy of the death The theme of death has always been a presence in American writings – from early colonial diaries and through the nineteen century – because death was perceived to be ever present in people’s lives. DescendedRead MoreLiterature Review on Death Penalty1028 Words   |  5 PagesDo You Agree With The Death Penalty? Abstract The main focus on this literature review paper is going to be over â€Å"Do you agree with the death penalty?†. I gathered information by asking a series of questions of other individuals. Some of the questions I asked was, â€Å"Do you think the death penalty is a deterrent from a crime?†, and â€Å"How should the death penalty be administered?† My goal is to find out how many people agree or disagree with the death penalty, and why. This will be a goodRead MoreThe Theme of Death is Crucial in Literature733 Words   |  3 PagesThe theme death has always played a crucial role in literature. Death surrounds us and our everyday life, something that we must adapt and accept. Whether its on television or newpaper, youll probobly hear about the death of an individual or even a group. Most people have their own ideas and attitude towards it, but many consider this to be a tragic event due to many reasons. For those who suffered greatly from despair, living their life miserably and hopelessly, it could actually be a relief toRead MoreEssay on Life and Death in Literature868 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is part of life, it is only natural that authors, and poetics writes about death. The word death brings different feelings to minds. Most are scare of the thought. Some embraces death, the thought of meeting our maker. The feeling to not exists, while the rest of the world goes on with their lives is overwhelming. To write about death, they have to write about life. Life and death is usually the plot in short stories, plays, and poems. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner; â€Å"The Story ofRead MoreDeath Of Children s Literature2075 Words   |  9 Pages Death in Children’s Literature Intro Children’s Literature (30822) IIP Project Jaime Ramsey The Ohio State University Sarah Bradford Fletcher Today, we live in a society that sometimes pushes the envelope, in regards to topics that may seem controversial, and evoke uncomfortable emotions in our school classrooms, and also the parents of the children reading these books. It is important to establish the profound impact children’s literature has not only children, but alsoRead More Death and the African American Literature2497 Words   |  10 Pagesforms of literature that we encountered in this course, it is unmistakable that the African American literary tradition demonstrates that the past (the unbelievable sufferings of African Americans) can never be arrested and forgotten. The many that have perished at the feet of racism are the history of African Americans themselves, and the African American literary tradition makes it a priority to be true to that history. So why is death a theme in the African American literary tradition? Death, inRead MoreLife And Death That Polish Literature1986 Words   |  8 Pages a period of change. Poland was expanding as a country and many political events were occurring. During this span of time, Polish literature signifies various changes in its themes, beliefs and language all constituted with a purpose. The theme of life and death overpowers Polish literature written during these two eras. Two pieces that demonstrate an experience of death and how the author’s worldview comes through the text are Jan Kochanowski’s Laments and an unknown author’s Lament of Our Lady atRead MoreSudden Cardiac Death Information Literature1471 Words   |  6 PagesGhanshyam Patel, EMPL ID: 23591518 CHSS Research Paper Instructor: Dr. Christian Grov SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH Author: Ghanshyam Patel MBBS, MPH EMPL Id: 23591518, Ghanshyam.patel18@sphmail.cuny.edu FROM, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA Abstract: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is major public health problem. SCD continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with an annual incidence estimated at 250000 toRead MoreEssay about Life and Death in Literature1516 Words   |  7 PagesThe word death brings different feelings to minds. Most are scared of the thought. Some embrace death, the thought of meeting our maker. The feeling to not exist, while the rest of the world goes on with their lives is overwhelming. To write about death, they have to write about life. Life and death is reality. There are various short stories, poems, and plays that attribute life and death. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, and â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark†Read MoreHumanity, Monstrosity, Gothic Literature Death Essay1807 Words   |  8 PagesHumanity, Monstrosity, Gothic Literature Death by J. Williams The Gothic genre delves into the depths of humanity,  where the presence of the horrible and the macabre represent ‘the dark side’ of human nature.  Ã‚  Indeed, according to M. H. Abrams, Gothic novelists invited â€Å"fiction to the realm of the irrational and of the perverse impulses and nightmarish terrors that lie beneath the orderly surface of the civilized mind† (111).   In such works, unnatural desires and forbidden excesses that are

Iphone The New Way American Culture - 1446 Words

Twenty five percent of all American cell phone users currently own an iPhone as of September 2013 (Bosic). IPhones have become a sense of status to the American people. By owning an iPhone it makes a statement of class, a statement the iPhone has been making since its unveiling. When the iPhone first debuted in 2007 it was priced at $599 and considered a piece of luxury (Kelly). While iPhones can now be subsidized with a two-year contract, the iPhone is still considered to be luxurious (Kelly). Apple’s iPhone has transformed the way American culture communicates, how productive they can be and even their mental capacity, simply by changing the way American view cell phones. The very first iPhone was released on June 29, 2007. Although†¦show more content†¦Ryan Block of Engadget said of the first iPhone, â€Å"To date no one’s made a phone that does so much with so little, and despite the numerous foible of the iPhones gesture-based touchscreen interface, the learning curve is surprisingly low. It’s totally clear that with the iPhone, Apple raised the bar not only for the cellphone but for the portable media players and multifunction convergence devices in general (Ritchie).† Block had a very valid point when speaking about the learning curve of the iPhone’s, which allowed the iPhone to be used by nearly everyone. Apple also raised the bar by creating tougher competition for the smartphone market. Before the iPhone, only Blackberry, Palm and Nokia were in the smartphone market. When the iPhone came into the market, though they had a few bumps and software mishaps, the device was unlike anything before it. Since iPhone has come out, Palm no longer exists as a smartphone company, and Nokia and Blackberry are almost no more. As Apple advanced its iPhone hardware, they also updated its software and features (Sarwar and Tariq). As of recent, Apple’s iPhones advanced communication features include Face Time, Picture Message, iMessage, and social media apps such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. Apple’s iPhone has made it almost impossible for someone not to be able to contact others. Before the iPhone there were limited ways to contact someone; now there are

Marlow in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Free Essays

In Heart of Darkness Conrad tries to deal with issues which are almost inexpressible.   The mysterious effect of the jungle wilderness on Kurtz, and on Marlow himself, puzzles the imagination and bewilders the understanding.   We might ask why Conrad chooses to tell the story through the character of Marlow, rather than simply to set it as a first person narrative. We will write a custom essay sample on Marlow in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The story is, in fact, about Kurtz, and about the way that contact with the primitive touches on the reality beneath human civilization, but it is also part of Marlow’s autobiography. Marlow is a character, not just a narrative voice, and his characterization enables us to judge and understand what he tells us.   He stands for certain impressive values – the practicality of the seaman’s life, the belief in the value of work, the refusal to judge too quickly, and the calmness of mind which allows him to consider and respond to the ambiguities in Kurtz’s experience. With his detached and skeptical manner, the fruit of a life among practical things, he makes the extraordinary story as believable as is possible.   We do not identify with him exactly, and he is not simply the voice of Conrad, but he is a convincing and unpretentious narrator who offers us glimpses into the ineffable. Much of the earlier part of the novel is concerned with establishing Marlow’s character and credentials as a narrator.   The actual narrator who speaks on the first page tells us that Marlow is the sort of seaman who is â€Å"trustworthiness personified† (5).   But he is â€Å"not typical† (8) in that â€Å"to him the meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale† (8), which perhaps prepares us for Marlow’s attempt to convey to us the scale of his experience and its importance.   The maritime traditions and habits of mind are central to Marlow.   He values work over fantasy.   At the jungle station â€Å"I went to work†¦ In that way only it seemed to me I could keep my hold on the redeeming facts of life† (33), which is a vital and mature desire in him.   His instincts are to reject nonsense and absurdity and stick to the real. Talking to the ridiculous agent at the station, â€Å"this papier-mà ¢chà © Mephistopheles† (37), he tells us of his horror of lies, not because he is particularly virtuous, but because â€Å"there is a taint of death, a flavour of mortality in lies – which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world† (38-9).   The agent’s insinuating invitation to Marlow to accept his petty corruptions meets with an instinctive shudder that speaks for his integrity.   Every man wants to get on, says the agent. â€Å"What more did I want? What I really wanted was rivets, by heaven!   Rivets.   To get on with the work† (40).   There is something wonderfully refreshing about such healthy disgust, and this contributes largely to our readiness to listen to Marlow as the tale reaches its most critical stages. It was a relief, he says to get back to the work of repairing the steamboat, not because he actually likes labor, â€Å"but I like what is in the work, – the chance to find yourself.   Your own reality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (41). A powerful moment for him is the discovery in the riverside hut of Towson’s manual on seamanship, which, in the middle of the chaotic world of the jungle, gives him â€Å"a delicious sensation of having come upon something unmistakably real† (54), for the real is what he longs for, as the guarantee of sanity and purpose.   It reassures him that the book has been studied and cared for, the spine â€Å"lovingly stitched afresh with white cotton thread† (54) and the margin annotated with what he thinks is cipher but later discovers to be Russian. If Marlow’s integrity and devotion to the real is created thoroughly, so are his attitudes to what he experiences before he meets Kurtz.   Conrad gives him a style that is consistent.   He is skeptical, a little sardonic, and down-to earth.   He tells how he worked on his relations to try to ensure that he could go to Africa: The men said â€Å"My dear Fellow,† and did nothing.   Then – would you believe it? – I tried the women.   I, Charlie Marlow, set the women to work – to get a job.   Heavens!   Well, you see, the notion drove me.   I had an aunt, a dear enthusiastic soul.   She wrote: â€Å"It will be delightful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (12) The voice is familiar, humorous and unaffected, and we feel every reason to trust what he says.   His devotion to the real makes him immediately sensitive to dishonesty and cant.   His view of â€Å"progress† is justifiably jaundiced.   The captain whom he replaces has been killed; â€Å"I heard the original quarrel arose from a misunderstanding about some hens† (13), and he is sure that afterwards â€Å"the cause of progress got them, anyhow† (14).   His charge is â€Å"a two-penny-half-penny river steamboat with a penny whistle attached† (18) and he feels that his aunt talks â€Å"rot† when she describes him as â€Å"an emissary of light† (18).   He records the bizarre sight of a French warship lobbing shells into the jungle to destroy â€Å"enemies† (20). He is bewildered by the sight of the accountant at the station in his â€Å"high starched collar, white cuffs, a light alpaca jacket, snowy trousers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (25) working alongside the black workmen who are dying in the grass.   He encounters a white man who has the job of maintaining the road.   He is drunk, and â€Å"Can’t say I saw any road or any upkeep, unless the body of a middle-aged negro, with a bullet-hole in the forehead, upon which I absolutely stumbled three miles further on, may be considered a permanent improvement† (29).   The man who tries to put out the fire in the store shed carries a bucket and declares â€Å"that everybody was ‘behaving splendidly, splendidly,’ dipped about a quart of water and tore back again.   I noticed there was a hole in the bottom of his pail† (33). Everywhere Marlow’s shrewd and ironical intelligence spots the signs of decay, corruption and self-deception.   The whole establishment at the jungle trading station is â€Å"unreal† (35), and when the manager starts canting about Marlow being â€Å"of the new gang – the gang of virtue† (36) â€Å"I nearly burst into a laugh† (36).   The whole experience has for him the insane logic of dream, â€Å"that commingling of absurdity, surprise, and bewilderment in a tremor of struggling revolt, that notion of being captured by the incredible which is the very essence of dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (39). Such judgments and descriptions strike the reader as immensely observant and yet modestly expressed.   Marlow feels fundamental decencies being abused by the colonial trading world, and it is hardly surprising that he becomes increasingly interested in Kurtz, who is clearly feared as well as despised by the other agents, largely because he has some sort of vision, a commodity seriously lacking in the ivory trading world.   Marlow’s convincing honesty and down-to-earth qualities even make Conrad’s symbolism easy to approach. The Fate-like knitting women in the Brussels office are entirely real as well as allusive.   One wears a dress â€Å"as plain as an umbrella cover† (14).   Marlow notes how the two women introduce many â€Å"to the unknown†¦ these two, guarding the door of Darkness, knitting black wool as for a warm pall† (16).   It is a rare and powerful effect, not clumsy, as it might have been, because we are so convinced by Marlow’s practical and realistic attitude. When it comes to the encounter with Kurtz we are therefore ready to give Marlow the benefit of the doubt as he reveals his own complex attitude to the man, and tries to explain what it is that Kurtz has seen and felt.   It is Kurtz’s idealism that first interests him, here in this nightmare place of unreason.   The other agents laugh at his hope that â€Å"Each station should be like a beacon on the road towards better things, a centre for trade of course, but also for humanising† (47).   At the same time Marlow cannot escape the thought that the savage figures seen on the bank are not inhuman, â€Å"the thought of your remote kinship with this wild and passionate uproar† (51) and we can see how he might understand how Kurtz’s own soul has been captured by the darkness. He finds that he wants to talk to Kurtz, even though he realizes as soon as he gets to Kurtz’s station that â€Å"He had taken a high seat among the devils of the land† (70), something Marlow knows will be almost impossible for his audience to understand; â€Å"How could you? – with solid pavement under your feet, surrounded by kind neighbours†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (70).   This is where Marlow’s story moves into the area of the incredible and the only partly expressible   Kurtz’s high-minded writings end suddenly with the savage cry â€Å"Exterminate all the brutes† (72).   The â€Å"brother seaman† talks of how Kurtz has inspired him – â€Å"I tell you†¦this man has enlarged my mind† (78).   But Marlow can only conclude â€Å"Why! He’s mad† (81) despite the Russian’s protests. The skulls are the evidence of his total breakdown, that the darkness â€Å"had whispered to him things about himself that he did no know† (83). The spell of the wilderness had awakened â€Å"forgotten and brutal instincts† (94) in him and dragged his soul â€Å"beyond the bounds of permitted aspirations† (95).   Marlow is able to see Kurtz’s story as a tragedy.   His aim had been to â€Å"Live rightly, die, die† (99) but he had not known what was in himself, and Marlow’s readiness to stand by him at the end, even to rescue him in a way, rests on an awareness that Kurtz was not despicable, and that he himself might well respond in the same way. â€Å"He had made that last stride, he had stepped over the edge, while I had been permitted to draw back my hesitating foot† (101).   Back in Europe, like Gulliver, he is disgusted by his fellow man, â€Å"like the outrageous flauntings of folly in the face of a danger† (102), and he lies to Kurtz’s â€Å"intended† because neither she nor anyone else would be able to comprehend the truth. Marlow does not claim to know or understand everything.   It is the unassuming nature of his narrative stance that convinces us.   The â€Å"real† narrator calls the whole thing â€Å"one of Marlow’s inconclusive experiences† (10). But no one could be omniscient with such a subject; Marlow only glimpses one of the great mysteries, and none of us is ever granted more than that.   What Conrad has done is to choose a narrative method and a type of narrator which conveys as well as possible immensely difficult things. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph.   Heart of Darkness.   Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973. How to cite Marlow in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Essay examples

Sustainability Approach of Wal-Mart

Questions: 1) Impact of sustainability approach by Wal-Mart.2) Reason behind improving performance when retail outlets have been suffering financially.3) Identification of Wal-Marts key stakeholders and recent approaches to improve social responsibility.4) The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits for the statement.5) Explanation of two other companies that have reputation of socially responsible to their stakeholders and being profitable. Answers: 1) Impact of sustainability approach by Wal-Mart Wal-Mart has made considerable approaches towards making it a greener company and to improve its image by making a sustainable approach towards the society. Some of the sustainable approaches made by the company include attempt to make sustainability 360 by reducing the use of greenhouse gases. Designing of new prototypes for developing and implementing innovative energy-efficient technology in the existing stores of Wal-Mart was an approach made towards sustainability (Berman Evans, 2013). In 2005, the company was opened to violation of safe environmental practices by the US Attorneys office in California due to the concerns related to recycling of their product. Approach made by the company to recycle the products and create sustainability has created positive impact in the society. Selling of products at a much lower rate leading to annual savings of at least $950 per person had increased the sale of the products of the company (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2013). Although the co mpany faced a number of ethical issues regarding the misconduct of the illegal immigration and exploiting the labor force, the sustainability approach has helped to improve the image of the company. 2) Reason behind improving performance when retail outlets have been suffering financially It has been recognized that Wal-Mart was a growing company and remained the largest and the most dominating retail organization. The company was the largest nongovernment employer in the United States, Canada and Mexico. The company has been rewarded as the most admired company by Fortune. The company has been utilizing the labor force unethically. Wal-Mart had appointed 250 illegal immigrants as cleaning crews in 61 stores in 21 states (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2013). These employees were employed at a much lower wage and work as seven days a week. These approaches have reduced the logistic and supply chain management costs. This has helped the company to offer products at a lower rate to the customers that was not possible for other local retail shops. It was due to the low price of the product that attracted more customers and helped them to improve their performance (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). The pricing policy was the major factor that was responsible for the mixed success of the company. There has been low-cost production that reduced the packaging cost by at least 5% that has also reduced the manufacturing cost for the retail company and therefore, they could supply the products at a lower cost (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2013). These were the basic reasons behind the continuous success of the retail company in spite being at a financial stake. 3) Identification of Wal-Marts key stakeholders and recent approaches to improve social responsibility Wal-Mart has majority of its business in China. It is the largest employer in USA. The major stakeholders of the company that are depended on Wal-Mart for their business are Clorox (23%), Revlon (22%) and Kelloggs (12%) (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2013). Certain approaches made by the company to improve their relationship with the stakeholders include encouraging of part-time jobs that have benefitted the company in a way that encouraged the performance of the employees. With this approach, Susan Chamber, the vice-president of the company has been able to encourage the employees of the company. Sam Walton supported the open-door policy that encouraged the employees to come up with their problems without resorting to any third party. In order to improve the condition of the employees regarding meal breaks the managers of the retail company altered the time card to prevent any kind of overtime. In fact, Wal-Mart agreed to pay $640 million to settle the lawsuits regarding the employee disputes. These approaches helped the retail company to create a positive image among the employees as well as the other stakeholders of the company. 4) The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits for the statement Social responsibility helps to create a positive image of the company among the society. Social responsibility creates a respect among the people for the company. It enhances employee loyalty and that in turn improves the efficiency of business operation. Social responsibilities create a positive image among the stakeholders that in turn makes them happier and helps to enhance companys stock price. In the view point of Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrell, (2013), producing high quality products or treating the employees correctly and not focusing primarily into profit will avoid any kind of law suits or employee turnover that will ultimately results in profitability of the business. Employee satisfaction is one of the key components for the sustainability of a business. Therefore, by involving certain approaches to measure the satisfactory level of the employees, balancing the profitability of the business can be done easily. 5) Explanation of two other companies that have reputation of socially responsible to their stakeholders and being profitable McDonald, the fast food giant and Volkswagen, the car manufacturer are the two companies that have showed their implication towards a social responsibility. Major approaches made by McDonald are using of eco friendly packaging with 100% fiber packaging. The company has joined hands with White House of USA to maintain the global climatic condition. In terms of beef burger, the company has ensured that beef sustainability shall be the priority for the company (Oates, Alevizou McDonald, 2016). These approaches have created positive implication among the customers as well as in the society. Following a common set of guidelines has helped to develop best practices for the sustainability approach. In case of Volkswagen, the car manufacturer focuses greatly on environmental impact of the burning of fuels. The car manufacturer has proposed to equip their cars with sustainable engines that emit less carbon particles (Ihlen Roper, 2014). Although several questions have been raised regarding the sustainable approach made by the company, it has been a profitable business for the company for a time being (Whiteman Hoster, 2015). It can be said that sustainability approaches shall be undertaken by the companies to improve their business image in the society. References: Berman, B. R., Evans, J. R. (2013).Retail management: a strategic approach. Pearson Higher Ed. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2013).Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases(9th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western. Ihlen, ., Roper, J. (2014). Corporate reports on sustainability and sustainable development:We have arrived.Sustainable development,22(1), 42-51. Oates, C., Alevizou, P., McDonald, S. (2016). Challenges for Marketers in Sustainable Production and Consumption.Sustainability,8(1), 75. Whiteman, G., Hoster, H. (2015). Vehicle emissions: Volkswagen and the road to Paris.Nature,527(7576), 38.

Department of Administrative Services and Cloud Privacy - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Department of Administrative Services and Cloud Privacy. Answer: Introduction: The scenario considered for this report involves the Department of Administrative Services (DAS) and its cloud first approach alongside prominent references to its data migration policy. The other elements observed in the scenario include references to the process of implementing the shared services such as SaaS HR and Personnel management suite, PaaS SharePoint platform which can be accounted as the basis for the proposed WofG Intranet platform and the SaaS performance management suite. The following report presents a comprehensive analysis of the threats and risks associated with this project since it involves the physical location of data centres at different geographical locations (Abbas Khan, 2015). The necessity of privacy and personal information management is perceived explicitly in the case of Department of Administrative Services (DAS) decision to centralize its functions and services for different government based entities through a US based cloud service provider. The particular references to the recent emergence of profound threats due to expansion of the internet and cloud based practices in the professional domain have to be considered as significant determinants for introduction of policy guidelines. As per Gholami Laurem, the policy guidelines are indicated towards addressing the data breaches that have been reported in context of sensitive areas such as governmental and financial domains (Gholami Laure, 2016). The objective of the cloud security framework should be aligned with the personal information management of associated with particular references to security and privacy of employee data that would be recorded in the HR and performance management framework a nd the payroll information. These aspects would be provided through the single link sign in portals available for employees on the intranet. Security of Employee data: Threats in the cloud migration infrastructure could be identified in the form of Malware and Hacking, unintended disclosure, phishing emails, insider threat and employees bringing their own devices to the workplace. As per Henze, et al, the threats from the implications of employees bringing their own devices to the workplace could lead to profound security threats. The threats arise from storage of sensitive company information in the personal devices of employees could lead to data leakage since the devices could not have appropriate security software (Henze, et al., 2016). The protection of personal information could also be subject to the threat of phishing emails which could be targeted at the personal emails of employees in order to access the details of the employees individual Single Link Sign-in passwords. As per Kamarinou, Millard Hon, employees could also be subject to security risks through unintended disclosure according to which arise from human errors on behalf of the service users, contractor and data processing centre (Kamarinou, Millard Hon, 2016). Such examples could be identified in the physical loss of devices by employees that can be addressed by considering the education of employees regarding the common threat vectors that would not involve references to education and training of employees regarding the risks leading to intended disclosure such as downloading unknown software, malicious links and checking the authenticity of the web addresses. Privacy of employee data: According to Merani, Barcellona Tinnirello, the particular areas which affect the privacy of employee data could be identified in the lack of monitoring the continuous updates regarding applicable legal precedents. Furthermore, it is also essential to notice the pitfalls in collection and processing of personal data related to employees and the lack of awareness of the global process facilities regarding important changes (Merani, Barcellona Tinnirello, 2015). The privacy concerns could be addressed effectively through implementing a comprehensive framework which supports authentication. The privacy of employees personal data can be ensured through inducing a systemic approach that facilitates distinct insights into the responsibilities and authorities of supervisory personnel. These precedents would be considered in context of collection of personal information, processing, utilization and transfer of personal data and the authentication of responsibility of the individuals to undertake these processes. Digital Identity Issues: Digital identity concerns that could be observed in the case of the cloud migration initiative of DAS to introduce HR and performance management suite, the payroll management framework and management of data integration from different data processing centres include identity theft, personal data theft, and misuse of identity, privilege escalation and identity tampering. Identity theft is profoundly observed in the form of using the digital identity of other individuals to access information or impersonating the person on the digital platform. Since the web platform would be implicative of the requirements for management of personal information on the basis of integrity of the data, it is essential to implement suitable approaches such as encryption of digital identity based platforms that are used within the organization (Reichel, et al., 2016). Employees should be equally aware of personal data theft as a detrimental consequence in digital identity issues. Therefore individual employees would be held accountable for resolving issues in the digital identity pertaining to the cloud framework of the organization. As per Soghoian, the creation of a legal environment, addressing privacy concerns in the initial stages which is considered responsible for addressing the digital identity concerns in an organization. Another prominent measure that could be observed in the form of demarcating the digital identification approach from the authorisation and authentication approaches (Soghoian, 2017). Provider Solution Issues: The provider solutions provided by the service provider are also accompanied with prominent references to the multiple data centres of the organization. The particular references to the processing centre at a single location would also be complicated for the service provider to collect data from distinct sources, process the information regarding the different departments of the Government (Xiao Xiao, 2013). It is imperative for the providers to align with the policy and legal requirements pertaining to the cloud services. However, the limitations could arise profoundly in the form of conflicts between policy precedents of the service provider and individual government agencies. Data Sensitivity: The concerns for data sensitivity could be identified in this case profoundly in the form of lack of minimal control of physical security of data centres, employees financial data and performance management data (Merani, Barcellona Tinnirello, 2015). These elements have to be associated with measures such as encryption in order to ensure security of sensitive data. The notable classifications of the data into three categories on the basis of sensitivity would enable employees to perceive the appropriate levels of encryption and security precedents for each form of data. The three categories include profound references to confidential data, regulated data and public data. References Abbas, A., Khan, S. U. (2015). e-Health Cloud: Privacy Concerns and Mitigation Strategies. InMedical Data Privacy Handbook(pp. 389-421). Springer International Publishing. Gholami, A., Laure, E. (2016). Advanced cloud privacy threat modeling.arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.01500. Henze, M., Hermerschmidt, L., Kerpen, D., Huling, R., Rumpe, B., Wehrle, K. (2016). A comprehensive approach to privacy in the cloud-based Internet of Things.Future Generation Computer Systems,56, 701-718. Kamarinou, D., Millard, C., Hon, W. K. (2016). Cloud privacy: an empirical study of 20 cloud providers' terms and privacy policiesPart I.International Data Privacy Law,6(2), 79-101. Merani, M. L., Barcellona, C., Tinnirello, I. (2015, June). Multi-cloud privacy preserving schemes for linear data mining. InCommunications (ICC), 2015 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 7095-7101). IEEE. Reichel, J., Lind, A. S., Gholami, A., Litton, E., Laure, E. (2016). Design and implementation of the advanced cloud privacy threat modeling.International Journal of Network Security Its Applications. Soghoian, C. (2017). Caught in the Cloud: Privacy, Encryption, and Government Back Doors in the Web 2.0 Era. Xiao, Z., Xiao, Y. (2013). 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