Notes How Steinbeck develops the character of Curly’s wife Essay

Notes for controlled assessment: Examine how Steinbeck develops the character of Curly’s wife. INTRO. Develops through different themes and emotions through book. Introduced through males eyes negatively. Gives reader impression she is promiscuous and dangerous. ‘Tart, jailbait, tramp. First appearance in book describes her as flirtatious/temptress. As book progresses the views on the character change from initial perception. Tries to exert some power in the hierarchal structure on the ranch (Crooks). Above all is crying out for attention and company, loneliness seals fate. Themes in order: 1. No name/negative image. 2. Attractiveness/attention. 3. Loneliness. 4. Tragedy/victim/women in 1930s. 1. Introduced to the reader through the eyes/opinions of the males. Quote. Not once mentioned to have a name. Defined by her relationship, not an individual. No real meaning, existence no real identity. Disrespectful. Echo’s how women were treated in 1930s hierarchy (explain). No opinions/rights on matters; could’ve led to feelings of loneliness and victim of discrimination. Quote. Is above Crooks & uses that power. Quote. Sausages. Quote. Fashionable but described unattractive & negative. The way in which she talks. Quote. Portrayed as weak & delicate. Powerless. 2. Young. Probably doesn’t intentionally mean to come across as a tramp or tart. Bored, has nobody to talk to. Her sexuality, provocativeness & the way she portrays herself as a temptress leaves her considered dangerous. Attractiveness is her weapon, no use as no one likes her. Wears red. Quote. Red nails. Brazenness. Reminds reader of Weed & foreshadows things to come (death). In red when introduced and red when killed. Change of description at death. Quote. Sweet, young and innocence. Uses it for attention. Gets the wrong kind of attention. All because of loneliness. 3. From the start Steinbeck uses irony. Soledad/Spanish/solitude. Loneliness, isolation & seclusion how she feels. Quote. Wants company, lonely, doesn’t receive love and affection she needs/a young girl would want. Doesn’t understand why nobody will speak with her. Quote. Only female on the ranch. Demonstrates inner feelings, reader sympathises. Quote. In the end finally confides in someone, Lennie, leads to death. 4. Loneliness leads to her tragic death. Possible foreshadowing of death through loneliness- explain. Nobody will talk but then when Lennie does it results in her death Quote in a way putting her out of misery. Introduced as a girl quote no powerful presence from start, girl gives impression of vulnerability. Surrounded by all males/only female on ranch. Death that of tragedy as she tells of bright future promised quote felt betrayed by family to then settle with Curly. Women had no real career opportunities, heartbroken to end up a housewife like the rest, trying to live the ‘American Dream’ had hope and very nearly independence. CONC

Knowledge and Attitude About Testicular Examination

ARA S TIRM A / ORIGINAL ARTICL E Gulhane T? p Derg 2011; 53: 17-25  © Gulhane Askeri T? p Akademisi 2011 Investigation of the frequency of testicular self examination performance in young adult males Ercan Gocgeldi (*), Necmettin Kocak (**), Serdar Ulus (**), Cenk Yeginer (**), Seref Basal (***) SUMMARY Testicular tumors are the second most frequently observed malignancy after leukemia in the age group of 20-35 in men. The rate of a 5-year survey is 99. 9% with early diagnosis. Awareness of the individuals and performing a testicular self examination by themselves are important in the early diagnosis.Our aim in this cross-sectional study was to determine the performance frequency of testicular self examination and the factors affecting this among young adults. Of all the participants, 23. 3%, 6. 8% and 4. 7% declared that they had heard about testicular cancer and about testicular self examination, and that they had performed testicular self examination at least once in their life, respectively. The rates of hearing about and performing testicular self examination were found low in the present study, however these rates were higher among those who had heard of testicular cancer from population.Well planned campaigns and educational organizations may be conducted in the country-wide in order to increase the awareness about testicular cancer and the frequency of testicular self examination. Key words: Soldier, testicular cancer, testicular self-examination, young adult man OZET Genc eriskin erkeklerde kendi kendine testis muayenesi yapma s? kl? g? n? n arast? r? lmas? Testis tumorleri 20-35 yas grubu erkeklerde losemiden sonra en s? k rastlanan 2. malignitedir. Erken tan? ile 5 y? ll? k yasam oran? %99. 9’dur. Bireylerin fark? ndal? g? ve kendi kendilerine testis muayenesi yapmalar? erken tan? icin onemlidir.Bu kesitsel cal? smadaki amac? m? z, genc eriskin erkeklerde kendi kendisine testis muayenesi uygulama duzeyi ve buna etki eden faktorleri saptamakt ? r. Kat? l? mc? lar? n %23. 3’u testis kanserini duyduklar? n? , %6. 8’i kendi kendisine testis muayenesini duyduklar? n? , %4. 7’si hayatlar? boyunca en az bir kez kendi kendisine testis muayenesi yapt? klar? n? belirtmislerdir. Cal? smam? z? n yap? ld? g? populasyonda kendi kendisine testis muayenesini duyma s? kl? g? ve kendi kendisine testis muayenesi yapma durumlar? dusuk bulunmustur, ancak bu oranlar testis kanserini populasyondan duyanlarda daha yuksek olarak bulunmustur.Testis kanserinin fark? ndal? g? n? n ve kendi kendisine testis muayenesinin s? kl? g? n? n art? r? lmas? icin ulke genelinde iyi planlanm? s kampanyalar ve egitim organizasyonlar? duzenlenebilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Asker, testis kanseri, kendi kendine testis muayenesi, genc eriskin erkek * Department of Plan and Programming, Commandership of Health, Turkish Military Forces ** Department of Public Health, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty *** Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medica l Faculty This study was presented at the 12th National Congress of Public Health (Ankara, October 21-25, 2008) Reprint request: Dr.Ercan Gocgeldi, Department of Plan and Programming, Commandership of Health, Turkish Military Forces, Bakanl? klar, Ankara, Turkey E-mail: [email  protected] com Date submitted: July 15, 2010 †¢ Date accepted: November 01, 2010 Introduction Testicular cancer is one of the health problems, frequency of which continuously increases. Testicular tumors are the second most frequent malignancy after leukemia in males at the age group of 20-35 (1). The incidence of testicular cancer shows variations between countries, races and socio-economic classes. The rate is 6. 7% and 0. in Scandinavian countries and Japan, respectively. In the USA 2-3 new cases are reported per 100. 000 males per year (2). The risk of a development of testicular cancer in white males in the USA during the whole life is at a level of 0. 2%. The incidence in people of higher socio-e conomic classes is half of the lower socio-economic classes (2). Although the reason for testicular cancer is not known exactly, there is knowledge regarding that both congenital as well as some acquired factors are responsible in tumor development. The strongest relationship is with an â€Å"undescended testis†.Approximately 7-10% of testicular cancers develop with cryptorchidism history. The cryptorchidism prevalence is 9. 2-30. 0% in premature births and 3. 55. 8% in mature births. Cryptorchidism frequency is 0. 8-1. 0% during the first age and remains unchanged with a ratio of 0. 7% until puberty (3). Five to 10% of testicular tumors occur on the opposite side, in the normal descended testis. The highest relative malignancy risk (1 of 20) is met in intra-abdominal testis. Placement of the cryptorchid testis into the scrotum (orchidopexy) reduces the malignancy potential of the cryptorchid testis (2).The frequency of testicular cancer cases met on the right side is 52. 3%, on the left side 47. 7%, and the frequency of being bilateral is 2-3% (4). In general the patients consult the physician due to a painless single side bulge and mass in the scrotum. The growth of the testis in general develops slowly and a feeling of testicular pain is experienced. The common accepted opinion is that until the opposite 17 is approved, a determined asperity in the testis needs to be deemed as a malign tumor (3). Other symptoms are gynecomasty, pigmentation on the scrotum, and pain in the abdomen and the groin.Scrotal pain develops at the late period of the tumor as a result of tunica albuginea or epididymis invasion (4). The time between the first discovery of the lesion in the testis and start of the definite treatment (orchidectomy) is 3-6 months in average. The time of the delay shows a correlation with the incidence of the metastasis. Approximately 10% of the patients are asymptomatic and can be detected upon trauma or by the sexual partner of the patient (3). T estis tumor often mimics epididymitis and epididymorchidis. Ten per cent of testis tumors mimics orchiepididymitis.Their diagnosis can easily be made with ultrasound and anamnesis. Other diseases to be considered during the diagnosis are spermatocele, traumatic hematocele, granulomatous orchitis, varicocele and epidermoid cysts (3). Testicular cancer can be treated completely when they are detected in early stages. The chance for a 5-year life is 99. 9% with early diagnosis (5). Among the basic diagnostic methods, ultrasound, transillumination and computed tomography can be mentioned (1,3). Individuals’ awareness and their performing a testicular self examination (TSE) by themselves is important regarding an early diagnosis (3).Routine testicular self examination (R-TSE) is an examination performed by the person himself at least once a month and regularly, which is made by using both hands, while holding the testis with one hand and examining the testis on masses during bathi ng or after bathing in front of a mirror (1,6). Along with the advantages that R-TSE is easy to learn and to apply, safe, non-invasive, economic, and does not need any special tools and devices, take time. When it is performed regularly each month, it provides that changes are detected early because the testis structure is known.There are some studies examining testicular cancer and TSE performance frequencies. In these studies, TSE performance frequency varies according to the attributes of the group with which the study is realized. The frequencies of hearing about testicular cancer and TSE and performance of TSE in these studies are summarized in Table I. In the study performed by Ercan et. al. among 867 male university students between the ages of 18-30 years, it is determined that 8. 9% of the participants have heard about TSE, and 5. 1% perform TSE (6). In the study performed by Lechner et. l. among 274 students between the ages of 15-19 years, it is determi18 †¢ March 20 11 †¢ Gulhane Med J ned that 3. 0% of the participants have heard about TSE and 2. 0% performed TSE (5). The TSE performance frequency of the participants of the study realized by Khadra et. al. among 202 persons of the ages of 18-50 years who consulted a polyclinic providing first stage health services is determined as 22. 0% (7). In the study performed by Moore et. al. among 203 people who are university students or graduates between the ages of 20-45 years, it is determined that 32. % of the participants have heard about TSE and 22. 0% performed TSE (8). In the study by Rudberg et. al. performed among university students in Sweden, it is determined that many of the students have not heard anything about TSE (9). In the study of Tichler et. al. among 717 soldiers and 200 military physicians in the Israeli army, 2. 0% of the soldiers and 73% of the physicians have stated that they have performed TSE (10). In the study of Vaz et. al. among 1364 adolescent males, 28. 0% of the p articipants stated that they had heard about testicular cancer (11).In this study of Wardle et. al. among 7304 young male adults, it is stated that 13. 0% of the participants have performed TSE (12). In the study by Neef et. al. among 404 male college students, it is stated that 42. 0% of the participants heard about TSE, 22% performed TSE before (13). In the study by Cummings et. al. among 266 university students and male graduates, it is determined that 16. 0% of the participants have heard about TSE (14). In the study of Christine et. al. among 191 young adult males between the ages of 18-35 years, it is stated that 36. % of the participants have performed TSE (15). It is rather important that the male become more aware on testicular cancer, of which the frequency of incurrence has raised during the last years, they learn and apply TSE as an early diagnostic method. The aim of this study was to determine the testicular self examination performance frequency in young adult males. Material and Methods The universe of this study, planned in cross section type, was constituted by 5033 persons, who joined the Etimesgut Armoured Units Education Center Commandership in the recruitment period in November 2007.There is no sample selection made for the study, it is targeted to reach the whole universe in a term of one week upon the start of the arrival of the soldiers to the unit. As some soldiers joined the unit except for working hours and that some rejected to participate in the study, not the whole of the universe could be reached, the study was performed with 3645 (72. 4%) persons. The data were collected by the researchers using the question form, developed by the researchers after a liGocgeldi et al. Table I.Brief findings of studies regarding the performance of a testicular self examination Researchers Research type Age group Group attribute Hearing of Hearing (n) testicular of TSE cancer Ercan et. al. (6) Lechner et. al. (5) Khadra et. al. (7) Cross sectiona l Descriptive Descriptive 18-30 15-19 18-50 University students (867) High-school students (274) People consulting polyclinic providing a first stage health services (202) University students and graduates (203) High-school students (727) Male soldiers (717) Military physicians (200) Vaz et. al. (11) Wardle et. al. (12) Neef et. al. 13) Cummings et. al. (14) Descriptive Cross sectional Descriptive Descriptive Adolescent Young adult male (1364) 16486 students College students (404) University students and graduates (266) People living in industry complex (191) 42% 16% 28% 42. 9% 26. 0% 91. 0% 8. 9% 3. 0% 28% At least one performance of TSE in life 5. 1% 2. 0% 22% At least once a month performance of TSE Country Turkey Holland England Moore et. al. (8) Rudberg et. al. (9) Tichler et. al. (10) Descriptive Cross sectional Descriptive 20-45 15-21 90. 6% 11. 3% 32. 0% 5. 6% 22. 0% 11. 5% 2% 73% 5. 06% 1. 2% England Sweden IsraelUSA 13% 22% 8% England USA USA Christine et. al. (15) Descrip tive 18-35 36% USA terature hatch. On the question form, there are 7 questions regarding their socio-demographic attributes, 3 questions regarding the stories of the participants regarding cancer and testicular cancer, 10 questions regarding testicular self examination in order to determine their behavior and 15 questions regarding testicular cancer, symptoms and TSE were included into the knowledge test. The pre-test of the question form, prepared by the researchers was made with 20 soldiers of the Gulhane Military Medical Academy.Support Troops Command, failures regarding the application and easiness to understand and observed failures regarding data entrance are amended. It was approved by the ethic commission. Groups of 20 persons of the soldiers who joined the Etimesgut Armoured Units Education Center Commandership in November 2007 were interviewed, the study and its aim were explained, if they should want to participate (those who orally accepted to) necessary information rega rding some definitions in the inquiry (testis, undescended testis, testicular self examination) is provided orally such that Volume 53 †¢ Issue 1 he participants can understand these and provided that they answer the questions under observation. The recruitment age in Turkey is 20 and those, who are not hindered join the Armed Forces in general at the age of 21 years. But only at a little part the recruitment age is later due to several reasons. Thus, in general male perform their military services at the age of 20-21. For that, the ages are grouped as 20-21, 2224, 25 years and above.The occupational information of the participants is obtained as open end and afterwards a grouping regarding being or not-being related to healthcare is performed. The demographic distribution of the participants is grouped by the regionalization system of five of the Turkish Statistic Institute by respecting their provinces of birth. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 10. 0 package statistic software. The descriptive statistics were given as frequencies and percent.The TSE performance frequencies and completeness of some sociodemographic with descriptive attributes, the completeness of giving correct answers to each question of the knowledge test with the TSE performance freTesticular self examination †¢ 19 quency, of which it was thought that they may have an effect on this, was compared with the chi-square, and the comparison of the average of the participants giving correct answers at the knowledge test according to their socio-demographic and descriptive attributes was compared with the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U test. A p value of

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Trade and Globalization - Essay Example Asian countries are busy developing channels that would lead them to penetrate the American markets. Addressing the interest of the countries involved in trade promote globalization and development trade policies among the member countries. This paper explores trade, globalization between America and Asia. Trade is a major factor that dictates economic growth of a country. Trade open links that promote international relation between countries involved. Asian and Latin America have recorded growth in trade and globalization because of the comprehensive policies that they have developed (Lynch, 2010). These policies aimed at leveraging factors that hampered trade. Bilateral trade is a situation where two countries devise policies that lead to trade between them. Structures, which promote this trade, address issues like tax policies, legislation and any other factor that would make the trading difficult. For example trade between China and America has grown over the resent past due to o pen trade policies that these two countries have adopted. Bilateral trade between China and countries in Latin America has registered growth. Research indicates that Latin America receives much of its imports from Asia. Several factors work towards promoting trade between Asia and America. Some of these factors include the following good relationship between the countries involved. The mutual relationship that exists between the countries involved in the bilateral trade contributed to the growth in the region. The following strategies have provided an enabling environment for the existence of bilateral trade between Asia and America. Creation of an enabling environment for the Caribbean and Latin America countries to offer supply chain in the Asian markets (Lynch, 2010). Creation of a trade relation between the countries involved. These strategies have provided an enabling environment for trade between Asia and America. Customization of the bilateral trade to suit the international standard has greatly led to the growth of trade between the two regions (Lynch, 2010). Opening of these regions to accommodate the global trade is a deliberate attempt that aims at expanding bilateral trade. The Asian countries took an approach that led to the formation of regional economic cooperation. Economic cooperation usually advocates for common tools that would provide trading environment. The international standards help the countries involved to work towards achieving a common objective. Largely, agencies involved in designing trade boundaries have developed proper channels, which have acted towards the growth of the trade. Legal system among the countries involved must provide an opportunity for the countries involved to trade. Some legal policies dictate the entry behavior of a country in the market. Largely, the influence of IMF policies plays a great role in defining the policies that these countries adopt for their trade. The progress of the countries relies on the ef ficiency of the policy adopted. Poor policies influence trade negatively. The economic growth of the Asian countries has recorded a substantial growth because of the changes in the global trading trends. Globalization has led to development of the international payment system, which incorporate electronics payment methods. Globalization refers to a system where countries collaborate to eliminate factors that influence trade. The aim of

How Boko Haram Developed And Under Developed Nigeria Essay Example for Free

How Boko Haram Developed And Under Developed Nigeria Essay 1.0 INTRODUCTION The stability of any society depends largely on the ability of its citizens to live together in harmony and peace. However, history has provided us with many instances of occasional uprisings in Nigeria which might have occurred as a result of a political, religious, cultural or tribal misunderstanding. Such squabbles, many a time, have ended up in bloodletting. Presently, Nigeria has not ceased to experience some misguided and misled fellowship in the name of religion. This is because, for some years now, many Nigerians especially in the Northern part of the country have lived in a perpetual fear of the unknown as a result Boko Haram insurgence. Thus, since 2009 till date, the activities of an Islamic sect called â€Å"BOKO HARAM† have bedevilled the Nigerian society and threatened the very foundation of her unity and peace. What baffles me is that these insurgents even claim to be fighting for justice in Nigeria. Also, it is pertinent to remark that while Nigeria is endowed with abundant resources, numerous challenges of insecurity orchestrated by Boko Haram insurgency nowadays within the polity appears to have created porous security condition that engenders violence and retards development. The basic question many Nigerians and foreigners ask is: How has Boko Haram developed or underdeveloped Nigeria? This paper is thus an attempt to address this question posed above. But this paper argues that boko haram activities have not been of any good help to Nigeria; hence, it has contributed to Nigerian underdevelopment especially the Northern part of the country. Before we proceed, it is of utmost necessity to clarify certain terms that will appear within this intellectual exposition. 2.0 CLARIFICATION OF TERMS According to Aristotle, ab initio disputandis, definitio nominis, (definition of terms is the beginning of any discussion.) hence, it is of paramount importance for us to clarify some of our key words that will frequently occur within the fabrics of this intellectual study. 2.0.1 Definition of Development and Underdevelopment According to Agbakoba, â€Å"development denotes a type of change, a purposeful or goal-oriented change†. While in the words of Walter Rodney, development â€Å"implies increased skill and capacity, greater freedom, creativity,  self-discipline, responsibility and material well-being†¦.more often than not, the term development is used in an exclusive economic sense-the justification being that the type of economy is itself an index of other social features†. Hence, our definition of development here is from economic perspective. Development therefore, could be defined as the process of empowering people to maximise their potentials and their ability to explore nature in order to meet daily human needs. It is a process by which the quality of human lives and capacity to surmount daily needs are considerably improved. However, according to Rodney, â€Å"underdevelopment is not absence of development, because every people have developed in one way or another and to a greater or lesser extent. Underdevelopment makes sense only as a means of comparing levels of development†. So, underdevelopment implies inadequate development, low levels of economic productivity as compared to other developed countries or regions. 2.0.2 BOKO HARAM Etymologically, the term Boko Haram is made up of two different words namely; Boko and Haram. Boko is the Hausa word meaning western education while Haram is the Arabic word figuratively meaning sin and literally meaning forbidden or impermissible†. Thus, the term when loosely translated means western education is forbidden. Boko Haram group propagates that western education is forbidden because it sees western education as corrupting the Muslims. However, Boko Haram group seems to me as a destructive political tool with a cosmetic pretension of being religious. Because Boko Haram group attempts not only to sow panic but also to undermine confidence in the government and political leadership of Nigeria, it could also be called a Terrorist Group. Little wonder the US government though belatedly has confirmed Boko Haram as one the Terrorist groups in the world. (cf. Punch Newspaper on Dec; 1, 2013) 3.0 Nigeria and Boko Haram Insurgence: An Exposition Since independence, Nigeria appears to have been bedevilled with ethno-religious conflicts. With over 400 ethnic groups, belonging to several religious sects, Nigeria since independence has been grappling and trying to cope with the problem of ethnicity and ethno-religious conflicts. Needless to say that, in May 1999, Nigeria returned to civil rule which was  accompanied with fresh hopes and latent optimism Regrettably, the worst seems to have occurred due to current rise in Boko Haram uprising. Boko Haram insurgency is a destructive political tool with a cosmetic pretension of being religious. Nigeria does not seem to have suffered only from the economic setbacks caused by Boko Haram bombings but also suffers from the battered image and humanitarian disaster the group inflicted on her. For instance, between July 27, 2009 and February 17, 2012, Boko Haram has launched fifty three (53) attacks in which 1157 people were killed and hundreds of people injured in the Northern Nigeria. T his indiscriminate and sporadic bombing seem to make Northern Nigeria increasingly unsafe and has compelled most non-indigenes of the region to relocate especially the Igbos. I therefore set out in this paper to argue with the following points, how the despicable activities of Boko Haram group have underdeveloped Nigeria. 4.0 How Boko Haram Underdeveloped Nigeria: A Critical Analysis The lethal activities of the Islamic sect, Boko Haram, are crippling the economy of Nigeria especially the North and has stultified the developmental strategies of the country thereby leaving us in the abysmal state of economic backwardness and underdevelopment. Although some may say that Boko Haram has some developmental characters because it has revealed the ineffectiveness of our force men, ensured checks and balances in government and has increased the rate development in the Southern part of the country. But I stand here to refute such claims saying that Boko Haram (Terrorism) has been of no benefit to Nigeria, rather it has led to the underdevelopment of Nigeria with these points: 4.0.1 Insecurity No meaningful development will thrive in any environment where people are in constant fear of the unknown due to insecurity. This is the dismal state in which Boko Haram activities in the Northern Nigeria have left us. Needless to say that, the security situation in Nigeria has become so alarming, disturbing, and upsetting nowadays because of the recurrent attacks of these Boko Haram insurgents. The spate of insecurity in the Northern Nigeria has impacted negatively on both the private and public sectors of the economy as many business men and traders have relocated their businesses from the region. This, though pathetically, has led to a massive underdevelopment of the North. This has warranted channelling of the money which would have been  used for other developmental strides to security in Nigeria annual budget. Little wonder the federal government spent 950 billion naira in 2013 only to combat insecurity caused by Boko Haram insurgence. Depopulation of the North and Overpopulation of the South Since current attack by Boko Haram group has become the order of the day in most Northern states, it has led to many Southerners and even some Northerners to relocate to the South for the sake of their life. This has led to the depopulation of the North and Overpopulation of the South; hence decreasing the Internal Revenue (1GR) of most Northern states thereby leaving the government with little or no money to carry out some developmental projects. In the other hand; due to large influx of people to the South, it has led to environmental problems like overpopulation, dilapidation of existing infrastructures, deforestation, cultural breakdown etc. These make life in both regions unbearable; hence pointing out that Boko Haram activities have succeeded in under developing both Northern and Southern part of the country. 4.0.3 Stifling of Economic and Social Development Boko Haram activities have led to dislocation of people from their business base, hence leading to disruption of economic activities. In Nigeria presently, the fear of Boko Haram is everywhere. Financial and business activities have been paralysed as everyone live in fear. Banks and their customers are also operating under difficult situation and have reduced their business hours to guard against being attacked by members of the sect. In most states in the North, the devastating socio-economic effects of the sect’s sequential killings and bombings, especially in Borno, Yobe, Niger, Kaduna, Kano, Kogi, Bauchi, Sokoto etc., have destroyed economic and commercial activities with many people relocating to other places. It should then be noted that Boko Haram have not only led to closure and/or abandonment of people’s business activities within affected region but also led to migration of people from the affected Region. It has also led to reduction of people’s patron age of product from the Northern Region. Also, the Boko Haram insurgence has reduced drastically; government derivation from the affected region (IGR) due to restiveness in those places as well as reduced investment and growth of business in the affected places without excluding government executed project. Little wonder why the 2011 World  Investment Report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development reported that stillness in business activities caused by insecurity in Kano State alone has cost the Nigerian economy N1.3trillion. Furthermore, Boko Haram activities have stifled social developmental programmes like; youth employment, housing, health schemes, education, welfare services etc. in the Northern part of the country. In fact, almost all the states under Boko Haram rampage have been completely isolated economically, socially and politically. The resultant effect of these is underdevelopment of the country, especially the affected region. 4.0.4 Scaring Away of Foreign and Local Investors The inimical uprising of Boko Haram has negatively affected the relationship between Nigeria and other Nations of the world. Incessant bombing coupled with kidnapping and hostage taking with or without demand for ransom by the members of Boko Haram has scared away both foreign and local investors from Nigeria, especially the Northern part of the country. In fact, this terrorist group has paralyzed the diplomatic relation between Nigeria and many countries of the world. The concomitant result of all these are poverty, low per capita income and underdevelopment. 4.0.5 Reduction of Human resources The crisis occasioned by Boko Haram has led to the death of many ebullient Nigerians thereby reducing the skilled and unskilled labour force of the country. The United Nation affirmed this assertion by saying that about 1,200 people have been killed since May 2013 when a state of emergency was declared in three North Eastern states (Cf. Punch Newspaper Dec; 16, 2013 or Daily Sun of Dec; 17, 2013. Aljazeera TV on September 30, 2013 reports that since 2009, an estimated 3,600 people have been killed through Boko Haram’s disastrous activities. We can even talk of brutal Bama attack, 22 people killed in Catholic Church at Waga Chakawa village in Adamawa just last Sunday and myriads of other attacks perpetuated by Boko Haram insurgents at the end of 2013 and the beginning of 2014. All these lead to reduction of lives and properties worth over billions of naira and live our nation in the miserable state of underdevelopment. 5.0 EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION From the above analysis, we can affirm without any fear of equivocation that Boko Haram has really underdeveloped Nigeria especially the Northern part of the country that is why socio-economic activities in the North have drastically been reduced. The implication is that the crisis is rather under-developing Northern region and threatens Nigeria’s prospect of joining the league of highly developed countries come the year 2020. Personally speaking, the impact of the activities of the Boko Haram group in Nigeria cannot be overemphasised. It retards economic growth and distorts socio-cultural equilibrium and leads to environmental deterioration. At the same time, it resurrects the issue of suspicion which led to the Nigerian civil war of 1967-1970 among three major ethic groups in Nigeria. Regrettably, the activities of Boko Haram in Nigeria have paralysed almost all sectors of the countrys life and have distorted peace and stultified progressive development of Nigeria. Boko Hara m has really underdeveloped Nigeria.

Analysis Of Ron Clarks Life

Analysis Of Ron Clarks Life Ron Clark, an American teacher, has a different and unique way of teaching kids and making a difference in their lives. He is spreading the message to other educators by turning the classroom around for students in the United States. Clark is changing the lives of children through his motivation and determination and discovering untapped potential in students in order for them to become the best that they can be. Clarks childhood and young adult experiences are what makes him passionate about life, which in turn allows him inspire and educate his students. Throughout college, he found that his one true love in life was adventure (Essential 55 159). Because of his love for adventure, Clark had some wild moments. For example he ran across a football field that was being broadcasted nationally while being chased by the police (Essential 55 43). He never thought that he would become a teacher. Clark once said, The time I have spent teaching children lessons has been wonderful, and I cant imagine doing anything other than teaching. That is ironic, however, because when I was growing up, being a teacher was the last thing I wanted to do (Essential 55 xii). His experiences from his youth are his foundation of balancing fun and learning in his classroom. He puts himself in the mind-set of the children in order to let the students understand the information. For example, he remembers sitting in classe s, while reading as a group. Sometimesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I would stare at the page and daydream about anything (Excellent 11 46). In order for his students not to feel the same way in class, I read with force, energy, and expression. Sometimes while reading Ill jump on a students desk, scream at the top of my lungs, or fall to the floor (Excellent 11 49). Through these actions of making the classroom more entertaining, it illustrates that he is willing to think outside the box until he finds the best way to help kids learn. Since the students can genuinely see the efforts he puts into each day, they will be more willing to put effort towards achieving their goals in the classroom. By holding on to his childhood memories, he is able to become a deeper person and to become a role model to his students. Since his mother wanted him to stay put, Clark became a fifth grade teacher at Snowden Elementary School, where many of the students had behavior problems and learning disabilities (Essential 55 xi) Even though he had just begun teaching, Clark was slowly changing the world of education. Over the next few years in the classroom, his experiences were filled with ups and downs, with invitations to the White House, trips around the world and projects that captured world wide attention. These events show how much effort he puts into molding his students into responsible adults (Essential 55 3) Through his out of the box teaching style, he is not only teaching the curriculum, but also pushing them slowly into the modern world. By creating an adventure for kids, he is allowing his students to learn from experience by letting them to learn from their mistakes, to build trust and to encourage them to become better students. Clark started his own adventure when he left rural North Carolina to go teach at Harlem in New York City (Miners). He states that Moving there opened my eyes, my heart, and my mind to experiences I never would have had otherwise (Clark). Even though it was hard to move to a new city, he was glad that he just went for it (Excellent 11 37). By putting that same courage and determination into students lives, it can teach them to face their fears, and give them the urge to follow their dreams. Clark sets an example by following his heart, thus building a vision of how students should live their lives. Through his accumulating fame, Clark is able to spread the message on how make the best of each students potential. Clark started becoming known when he received the 2001 Disney Teacher of the Year award (Truesdell). Clark wanted to spread the message about what he thought was important when teaching children, so he wrote two books. In 2003 he wrote, The Essential 55: An Award-Winning Educators Rules for Discovering the Successful Student in Every Child, which is about his rules on how to make the children the best that they can be both in and out of the classroom. In 2004, he wrote a second book, The Excellent 11: Qualities Teachers and Parents use to Motivate, Inspire, and Educate. (Truesdell). The rules he made are less about getting kids to behave, but preparing them for life after they leave the security of the classroom. Because of their exposure to Clarks fifty-five rules, students are slowly building their confidence towards handling a variety of situations (Essential 55 190) . I know that I can take them anywhere and put them in any situation because they are at the point where they are eager to experience life (Miners). While teaching, Clark has been on various TV shows, including the Oprah Winfrey Show where she famously named him as her Phenomenal Man (Miners). To further spread his fame, his first year spent in Harlem was made into a movie, The Ron Clark Story, in 2006. Ron Clark is known for his ability to go into classes filled with difficult students and to turn the classes around by incorporating creativity and innovation because he feels that no one is able to see their potential in life (Truesdell). Clark states that Finding a way to dream big for every child in your classroom, no matter how challenging or difficult the situation may be, is necessary. You have to look at every child and see potential (Clark). Clark just recently started his own school, The Ron Clark Academy, in Atlanta, Georgia where the students follow Clarks unique teaching methods. It offers students opportunities for travel, local field trips and seminars where teachers can learn about Clarks teaching style. These trips allow students to learn about diverse cultures either locally or around the world. From the money earned from his two books and other funding, the academy was able to be established on June 25, 2007 (Miners). Each classroom is provided with the latest technology, such as notebook laptops and interactive whiteboards. Because of this technology, students are able to experience a variety of subjects such as music that they normally would not be able to (Truesdell). This school captures Clarks spirit. By selecting students Clark and his team think needs this opportunity the most, Clark is able to build a positive environment, and show the kids the joy in learning. By giving the students knowledge, they are able to fulfill their own goals and later on in life give back to the community by changing the lives of others. Through the Ron Clark Academy, Clark can leave his legacy on the world. Once he saw how differently his students learned for the better, he realized how you can really change the younger generation. By using his methods to make a difference in childrens lives, he stayed in the world of education to continue to motivate students to become the best that they can be and to discover the success in every child. Work Cited Clark Ron. E-mail. 8 march 2010 Clark, Ron. The Excellent 11. New York: Hyperion, 2004. Print Clark, Ron. The Essential 55. New York: Hyperion, 2003. Print Miners, Zach. Reaping the benefits of Intelligent Classrooms. District Administration 43.9 (2007): 12. Student Resource Center- Silver. Web. 28 Mar. 2010 Truesdell, Jeff He Takes Students Around the World. People Weekly 23 June 2008: Students Resource center- Silver. Web. 28 Mar. 2010

Real Face Of Terrorism :: essays research papers

Terrorism in the Webster’s New American Dictionary is defined as â€Å"the systematic use of intense fear as a means of coercion.† In this day and age, the term terrorism is more than just the use of intense fear as a means of coercion but includes the use of terrorism as a means of revenge and pure sport and also as a means of suppression. While the dictionaries definitions says that it is the use coercion to promote certain ideologies, some of the most cleverly hidden terrorism today is the terrorism used to suppress some ideologies or certain ethnic groups or societies. The popular image of terrorism is of extremist groups trying to rebel or promote their ideologies by blowing up airplanes, buses, government buildings, or taking hostages. By defining terrorism thoroughly, we can begin to look at what terrorism is really about. The use of terror is usually a tool to promote ideologies according to the dictionary but what about the use of terror for revenge? After the Serb withdrawal from Kosovo this past month, there was a rash of terrorist acts committed by Albanians against Serbs. The Serb civilian population of Kosovo was not a threat to the Albanians but the violence against them was not one of coercion but of revenge. The hostage crisis at the American embassy in Teheran twenty years ago was another example of terrorism based on revenge. While that incident involved the political theme of the revolution in Iran and the authorities used it to promote their Islamic ideology, those that carried out the hostage crisis took over the embassy in a fit of rage and under the euphoria of anger against anything American. They had already achieved their goal, which was to rid the American backed Shah who ruled the country with terror; the hostage crisis was merely an outburst of revenge against the west. Terrorism is not just coercion, but it also revenge. The use of terror to punish the victim and remind them of what the enactor of the terror had felt . There are other examples of terrorism that fit under revenge but those are a combination of revenge and political or social coercion. Revenge motivated extremist groups with political or social coercion are well publicized but how are their actions different from that of states? The terrorism that comes to mind is of the PLO hijacking Israeli airplanes or Ben Laden bombing the American embassies in Africa.

The Characters of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights :: Wuthering Heights Essays

The Characters of Wuthering Heights At first glance, Wuthering Height shows us conflict between a landlord, Heathcliff, and Mr. Lockwood. Heathcliff, one of the novel's main characters, is portrayed as an uncompromising, sadistic bully, and produces a desire in Lockwood's character to find out more about his past. Bronte uses Lockwood's character to pull in her main narrator, Nelly Dean. Nelly was a first-hand witness to Heathcliff's story and so proceeds to relate the history, as she remembers it, to Lockwood. It appears very soon, after the start of the story, that Nelly Dean is the protagonist. She appears more than happy to stir the conflict, which goes a long way in keeping the story interesting and moving right along. Wuthering Heights is set in the "remote moors of Yorkshire" (680), on that "bleak hill-top" where "the earth was hard with a black frost" (686). Almost all the characters in this story have a very frosty, antagonistic side to them and Nelly introduces us to Catherine and Hindley, when they were children, on the eve of Heathcliff's entry into the family. Nelly appears to make this story-telling as straightforward as possible, but her feelings for Heathcliff are not disguisable.When she made the step from playmate to the children's nursemaid during the measles episode, her feelings toward Hindley and Catherine hardened and she softened so much toward Heathcliff that "Hindley lost his last ally." Heathcliff "was the quietest child that ever nurse watched over. The difference between him and the others forced me to be less partial. Cathy and her brother harassed me terribly, he was a uncomplaining as a lamb..." (702). Nelly developed alternate feelings for Catherine: "she put us all past our patience fifty times and oftener in a day." "She was much too fond of Heathcliff." "In play she liked, exceedingly to act the little mistress...but I would not bear slapping and ordering; and so I let her know" (704). The class distinction, after the measles, became a clear, hard line: Nelly, on the servant side with Joseph, and Catherine and Hindley on the side of the owners of servants. This further hastened Nelly's spiteful feelings toward Catherine when Mr. Earnshaw died. Hindley came home with a new bride, and Nelly was physically installed in the servants' quarters and Heathcliff was installed with the animals in the stables. In her story up to now Nelly has portrayed herself as a concerned member of the family that has finally been relegated to where she knew she would end up anyway, a servant.

Mexican-Americans Fight for Equality in America Essay example -- Race

Mexican-Americans' Fight for Equality in America The United States has always been thought of as the the land of opportunity. Why is it that for years Mexican-Americans have been mistreated and discriminated against? There are millions of people that live in the US that are of Mexican descent. Throughout the Mexican-American history they have faced constant struggles to be recognized as equal citizens. The white man drove them from their own homes when they first settled in America. The Anglo settlers did not hold much if any respect for the Mexicans. The fight for their civil rights has been going on since the 1800s. It wasn't until the 1960s when the Chicanos were formed that affirmative action began to take place. The Americans settled all over the United States and in the 1820s began showing interest in the West because of trade with Asia. Certain leaders were sent out on missions' to "help" better the lives of the Indians and Mexicans. When the white settlers first came to West they viewed the Indians and Mexicans as savages. They did not think of them as human because their lifestyle was unsuitable, or rather different then their own. The only way that they could tolerate them was to try and change their way of living. They attempted to convert them into the Christian religion, to change the way they ate, what they ate, how they ate it, the way they dressed, teach them English, etc. "The object of the missions is to convert as many of the wild Indians as possible, and to train them up within the walls of the establishment in the exercise of a good life, and of some trade, so that they may be able to provide for themselves and become useful members of civilized society."1 The Mexicans did not like nor we... ...ecause the white people treated the Mexicans so unfairly the Mexicans united against them and formed a unity that has lasted until today. In Michelle's paper she recaps the history of Mexicans in the United States that was not completely dealt with in either the website or the movie. Michelle points out that the Latin@s history is essential to understanding the Mexicans experience. She also wrote of the Mexican's el movemiento and how the website and movie brought about different accounts of this momentous event. In reading different papers about the Mexican-Amercican experience it expanded not only my knowledge but my opinion too. Nikki and Michelle brought up some interesting points, ideas, and thoughts on the Mexican's life in the United States. Through all my research on mexican's I have gained a better understanding of the Mexican's struggle.

Hrm

This essay is an evaluation of a worldwide statement on the subject of most essential part of any organisation known as human resource management a. k. a. HRM. This essay will enlighten the study of the concerns in human resource management (HRM) which is dependent on two very important factors examining and appraising. This essay will also throw light on the difference which is between regions and the employees working in those regions.The main benefit of human resource management (HRM) is to present an efficient way to examine the concerns to an examining line manager or supervisor because making decisions and viewing number of problems concerning about the situation going on in business world show a path to minimize the attempt in the part of human resource also known as HR. This process helps a line manager to have a broad idea and provide more flexibility in a diverse circumstance to make a proper decision so that the work can be done perfectly and company can make profit out of it.This essay will also highlight the points on the environment which influences a company alongside with information of human being matters and the connection of many factors which are affecting the business world in present. 2. 0 Introduction: A term which is known as globalization in now a days has become a very important matter of consideration for the people of this world. In this present time the above mentioned term is missing by the department of human resources a. k. a. HR. The most important part of any company or organisation in this present time is human resource management (HRM).The aim of human resource management department is just not to solve the problems which are reasons by workers of an organisation or the problems created by organisation it self but the aim of human resource management (HRM) is to provide a competitive upper hand to a company in their business alongside with the manufactured goods superiority, production and accomplishing the aims and missions in appropriate point in time economically and successfully. The department of human resource management (HRM) is still mended to be improved in terms of hiring people for job.The employee should be selected on the basis of merit relatively than on the basis of any other source or power. The higher management should take notice of all the important aspects such as culture and tradition so that all employees can be bind like a bunch and an organisation can make most of their talent. 3. 0. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM): 3. 1. Connotation of Human Resource Management: The meaning of human resource management (HRM) is to choose, expand, encourage and preserve human supply in a business. HRM first hire the right person for the job for example manager and workers. HRM guide and widen the hired ones.HRM then encourage the workers by awarding benefits and promotions. HRM also make sure that the best environment should be given to the workers to work freely. HRM direct concern is with the w orkers working for an organisation in other words it can be stated as to manage the workers in an organisation. (Alan Price, 2011) 3. 2. Characteristics of Human Resource Management: The subsequent are the main characteristics of human resource management: 1. HRM process is dependent on four purposes which are as follows: †¢Selection of human supply. †¢Expansion of human supply. †¢Encouraging of human supply. †¢Protection of human supply. 2.HRM is not a process which is done for only one time. HRM is known as continuous process. This process is mended to be change time by time depending on the conditions faced by an organisation. 3. There are mainly for perspectives for human resource management which are as follows: †¢Business perspective †¢Individual perspective †¢Social perspective †¢Group or unit perspective 4. HRM is a universal practice for any sort of business such as schools, universities, transport department, corporations and etc. 5. HRM department fulfils the duties as performance management, strategic planning management, training, career development ant etc. . HRM is multi corrective which means it deals with different matters such as psychological factors, educational factors and etc. 7. HRM always try its best to shape up the team strength. Team strength helps workers to work collectively and achieve the aims of a corporation. This factor is most important factor in this present time. 8. HRM increase the potential in the workers of a company. This increase of potential helps the workers to be well-organized and provide them job happiness. 9. As the technology is changing rapidly in all means hence it can be a problem or a threat to a business.HRM department track these changes and rectify the possible problems which can be caused by these aspects. 10. HRM provide long time benefits for the workers, business and civilization. The benefits are in shape of financial and non-financial for all of them. It also helps the profit margin of a business and provides good quality for services. ( Michael Armstrong, 2006) 3. 3. Span of Human Resource Management: Span or scope of Human Resource Management is defined as: 1. Human resource planning (HRP) determines the workforce requirement and workforce supply of a business. HRP compares these two factors.If the workforce is extra then HRP makes sure to cut it down and vice versa. 2. Acquirement role consist of hiring, choosing, position and human resource planning. HRM makes sure that appropriate person is selected for the job. 3. To appoint at the right place of workers is handled by HRM because proper job for a worker gives a worker motivation and increase their competence. 4. Performance management is conducted by HRM to keep track of a worker’s performance. 5. HRM helps the workers for the organisation to develop their careers by means of promotions in next years therefore it also results in helping organisation. (K. Aswathappa, 2007) 4. . Impact of Human Resource Management on Business: This part is to evaluate the role of HRM and provide an overview on the understanding of HRM in a perspective of an international student.The importance of HRM in success of any sort of business is getting at an immense level day by day. The most essential department of any business or organisation is HRM. The importance of HRM is at high level and due to that all line manager or supervisors in HR have become a part of team. The main aspects which are dealt with HRM in retail industry are explained below: 1. The Particular Human Resource Atmosphere of Retailing: Employees are the ain source in any type of business. This is a big fact in retail industry because retail industry consists of very huge number of staffs or employees in order to provide service to their customers. The human resource atmosphere in retail industry has it own main characteristics like a huge number of staff with less experience, lots of workers are part time , keeping track of a worker, and shifts are long and dissimilarities in the demand of customer. These characteristics also create problems for retailers. First thing which is huge number of staff may result in poor presentation, high salaries and skiving.Secondly, a person with not that high qualification and without experience can apply a job in retail for the positions of till operator, staff for shop floor, trolley assistant, warehouse assistant and etc. On the other hand many workers in retail industry are part time workers which can leave the job at any time. On the second hand time is a big issue for retail industry because extensive working hours in retail industry need two shifts of workers, so retailers have to recruit staff with keeping all these aspects in their mind i. e. some might be part time workers and some will be full time workers.Thirdly is to watch over a worker or an employee because customers are the main core part of retail industry so a retailer have to be s ure that the perfect service is being provided by the staff members to a customer and there is a proper check on the behaviour and manifestation of a staff member. Finally the main aspect dissimilarity in demand by a customer can be a problem to a retailer in such sense that retailer have to think on the point of how many staff members are required. Retailers should have knowledge of all the main events and should prepare in advance the availability of staff. (A. J. Lamba, 2002) 2.The procedure of HRM in Retail Industry: The process of HRM in retail industry is dependent on four main features which are development, hiring and choice, training, performance. When a process of HRM is implementing by a retail industry the laws for labour and privacy factor for employees or workers is to be considered deeply. †¢Development: After analyzing of the present employees the outcome will help an organisation to appraise the performance of a department and helps them to think on what sort o f staff is needed to form the accurate set of skills which are needed. The main point which retailers have to think is to ecruit appropriate persons for the position so that work can be done efficiently. Recruitment of huge number of staff may result in immense costs and too few will result in incompetence of tasks. †¢Hiring and Choice: When there is a need of new workers to an organisation they use many different paths in order to hire the most appropriate person for the job. The paths or channels which are used by an organisation are institutions of education, television, internet and recruitment agencies or any other effective way to recruit the appropriate person. †¢Training: Training is the most essential aspect for HRM.After hiring an appropriate person the main aspect which falls next is to train that person so that company’s strategic plan can be utilized and company can make more out of it. †¢Performance: After all the steps the main thing is to monito r the performance and keep track and trace on the performance of an organisation and keep the knowledge whether goals are being achieved or not. If there is case of no then HRM department should make decisions to overcome the problem and rectify it as soon as possible so that no harm could come to the efficiency of work and to the accounts of company. S. C. Bhatia, 2008) 5. 0. INTERNATIONAL VIEWPOINT OF HRM: In order to explain the international viewpoint or perspective of human resource management (HRM) the best possible way is to compare the HRM practices between two regions or between two countries. The below mentioned details are about the HRM practices in these two countries. 5. 1. HRM Practice in China: People Republic of China a. k. a. China is a country located in East Asia. The capital of China is Beijing and the population is 1. 3 billion people and language of China is Mandarin Chinese.China is the world largest exporter and second largest importer of goods. Human Resourc es in Chinese industrial sections are divided in two units. †¢Cadres: This unit consist of the staffs which handle administration or people with white collar jobs for e. g. directors, engineer, government officials and managers. †¢Workers: Workers are considered as employees working on lower level. The changes which are being made in traditional HR practices in China are defined below: †¢The process of hiring has changed from planning purpose to prediction purpose. A new system is being implemented for labour which is known as contract labour system instead of old way that was lifetime job. †¢The rewarding system has change and it now dependent on the performance and hard work. HR PRACTICE: The major HR practices which are undertaken by China are defined below: †¢Staffing & Choice: The companies in China select their employees on the foundation of abilities, jobs history, work experience, command on language and ambitions for careers, furthermore the Chinese companies take an overview of all the talent and characterized them in three types which are full experts, home appointed and local-plus.Each of these categories has different scale of salaries and rewards. The techniques or methods used by China in order to recruit are through ads, agencies, university grounds placements, international representation and etc. Choice or selection by China is dependent on three paths. The first path is interview secondly it is a test and thirdly it is behaviour affair. †¢Training and Maintenance: The most important methods which are used by China in order to train and manage their employees are training for technical aspect, language expertise, pre exit method and working culture training. Encouragement and Prize System: In order to make a good profit for company and to control quality management organisation encourage their employees by rewards and giving them promotions so that they keep always motivated and give their 100% in the field. â₠¬ ¢Working Customs: Working customs or culture in China is dependent on these features which are admiration for age, individual relations, group discussions and agreement. (Fang Lee Cooke, 2005) 5. 2. HRM Practices in India: The HRM practice in India is dependent on these aspects: Recruitment and Selection: A good educational background is required along with workers recommendations, sequence planning, and conducting test before hiring and they use internet help to recruit for e. g. Naukri. com is the first Indian website for seeking jobs. Media is being used to recruit employees and all the requirement can be given through media. Selection is based on the sets of questions which are concerned by age, status in society, family and etc. †¢Training and Development: Training and development are known as future direction.The training and development method which are used by Indian companies are by running programs of training, training regarding promotions, in-house training progra ms and etc. †¢Performance Appraisal: This method is used by Indian companies to evaluate the performance of a worker so that it can be decided for that employee whether he needs time or he needs training in order to do the work efficiently and this practice is carried out by manager or supervisor. †¢Rewards and Benefits: In accumulation to a basic wage extra rewards or compensations are being awarded by the companies in India.The rewards are in the shape of home loan, medical facility, travelling facility along with casual leaves, sick leave, emergency leave, annual leave and national holidays are also awarded to employees in India. The retirement age in India for government officials is 60 years where as for private sector it is 55-60 years, hence after retirement in both sectors a huge amount of lump –sum is awarded to the retired official although a private sector employee is paid less as compared to government employee. (Gurpreet Randhawa, 2007) 6. 0. Conclusion :There is a great bond of attraction between the workers of an organisation and organization it self. Management in an instantly procession is anxious in corporeal service materials that can assist in measurement and incredible utilization of service by their businesses. The stagings of do commerce amalgamations will also provide workforce a blemish on to be perceive sound largely if ethically incorrect actions are useful in the position of job. One of the able habits is to decrease difference to professional revolutionize in training and affirmation.Conversation stuck between the workforce and the company is also an energetic organization of human resources management (HRM) in the Post-modern viewpoint. Sensible account of the human resource management (HRM) is a major piece in verbal statement demonstration. Based on these negotiations, the workforce in an organization can get better in their discriminating of their occupation and that of others in an organization, understands the verbal statement of a business usual at helping the industry achieve the aims set out, as well as contribute to the maturity and maintenance of a embrace in the open market for the production.In accumulation, the management of organization and cooperation can reduce difference as in good health. Organization is to change judgment to shatter into including disfiguring legitimacy, meandering, and damaging in sequence. Joint venture is a unforced structure to get better resister’s grip but it could be infertile if objectives information that they have been trickery. Last act desire is simple on the compartment and simple to carry out to obtain grasp up, it is moving the rule but business can take benefit of right away intimidations and services to put into result their workforce. 7. 0. References: 7. 1. Books: Price, A. , 2011, Human Resource Management, 4th Edition, Cengage Learning. †¢Armstrong, M. , 2006, A Handbook of Human Resources Management Practice, 10th Edition, Kogan Page Publishers. †¢Aswathappa, k. , 2007, Human Resource and Personnel Management, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-hill Education. †¢Lamba, A. J. , 2002, The Art of Retailing, Tata McGraw-hill Education. †¢Bhatia, S. C. , 2008, Retail Management, Atlantic Publishers. †¢Cooke, F, L. , 2005, HRM, Work and Employment in China, Routledge. †¢Randhawa, G. , 2007, Human Resource Management, Atlantic Publishers. 7. 2. Website: †¢www. fiber2fashion. com †¢www. scribd. com

Walmart Foreign Expansion Case Study

Wal-Mart’s Foreign Expansion Wal-Mart is the world’s largest retailer with tons of advantage above all the rest. It is very possible that this big time retailer can translate its merchandising strategy wholesale to another country and be highly successful at it (L. Hill, 2011, p. 167). The key to this method is being able to understand the culture and environment that it would need to transition it methods to. Take for instance what was read in the case about China. China originally turned its nose up at the Americanized way that Wal-Mart presented itself when first opened in 2006.The Chinese culture didn’t agree with meat being sold in Styrofoam or selling of dead fish. It’s their cultural preference to purchase food very freshly. So, Wal-Mart adapted to the surrounding culture. Wal-Mart was successful in Mexico because they hired local managers that were well versed in the Mexican culture and allowing them to control the merchandising strategy as they se e fit. Adaption is the key to survival is different environments and economies. With Mexico being a place of few vehicles for transportation, building smaller, closer stores was another huge benefit of it being successful in Mexican culture.When the huge retailer made steps to expand to South Korea and Germany with very little success, there was a realization made in regards to diversity and what Wal-Mart offered. Britain, Germany, and South Korea cultures have a preference of high end and higher-quality merchandise than what was offered by Wal-Mart. The low price strategy is practically unwarranted in a place to where paying more is accepted. The key difference between these countries and Mexico is that Mexico accepts the low price strategy.Wal-Mart is succeeding in China and to continue to do so they need maintain adapting to the Chinese culture way. They are definitely on track with being successful in China. Wal-Mart is considered to be a force within the marketplace (Orgel, 201 1). With the business continuing to adapt and expand throughout different nations, it’s very possible that in the future Wal-Mart will cause changes within the culture of different nations. It shouldn’t be the company’s goal to ultimately change the culture of the nation it expands to.However, it should focus on broadening the horizon and combine the low price strategy with the nation’s culture to be an innovation on the marketplace. References L. Hill, C. W. (2011). Wal-Mart's Foreign Expansion. In International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace. (9th ed. ). (pp. 167-168). New York, NY/USA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Orgel, D. (2011, September 05). What's driving wal-mart's global expansion?. Viewpoints. Retrieved from http://supermarketnews. com/blog/whats-driving-wal-marts-global-expansion

Honesty In Advertising? Insanity!

Advertising is surely the most common art we see today. We have to go out of our way to see offensive movies or works of fine art, but advertising images are everywhere. We see them whether we want to or not, on billboards as we drive to work, on the walls of stores when we shop, in magazines and newspapers, on television, and on the products we use. We even get them in the mail. Everything gets advertised. Advertising industry is the biggest one today. But what is happening inside of advertising world? â€Å"The characters in this film do not depict people with real mental illness.Mental illness is a serious disease that affects millions of people. † Thus begins †Crazy People†, schizophrenic comedy that is very funny when it's a satire on modern advertising. Film talks about two types of nut cases: ones that are committed to institutions and the others who think they are normal and live on the other side of the wall. There are some targets of satire throughout a f ilm. First, this is the job itself and way of living of admen. †Let's face it, Steve,† says Emory Leeson, main character of the film to his associate, †you and I lie for a living. † Emory is a Madison Avenue burned-out adman suffering a breakdown.His wife has walked out of their suburban house, taking the furniture with her. Emory is suffering from writer's block. †Novelists have writer's block,† screams his partner, Steve. †All you do is write little slogans to go with the pictures. † (Canby) In a manic burst of energy, Emory creates a dozen new ad campaigns for everything from Volvo (†Boxy but good†) to United Airlines (†Most of our passengers get there alive†). He calls it †truth in advertising. † Actually, the ads are not so much truthful as they are crass. But Leeson feels they will tap into the everyday mindset of the common man.This is funny stuff, but Emory’s boss doesn't think so. Ste ve gently carts him away to a private mental hospital. Another target of satirizing is the advertising itself. Whether it is truthful or dishonest, consumer †eats† catchy slogans. You can say the right thing about a product and nobody will listen. You've got to say it in such a way that people will feel it in their gut. Because if they don't feel it, nothing will happen. Emory's †truthful† campaigns somehow reach all of the national magazines and appear on television, where they become instant hits. Leeson’s instincts are proven to be correct.People love them and sales zoom. But his boss and his crew can't grasp this â€Å"truth† concept. So they ask Emory to come back. He agrees to do more ads only if his friends – his fellow asylum inmates – can help. Soon the asylum turns into a productive business center. They are energized and inspired by Emery, who unwittingly wins back his former company's interest after an accidental truthf ul ad campaign makes headlines. One more satirized point, which depicts clearly that there are no big differences between admen and clients of mental hospitals at all, is that both of them making their job very well.Moreover, advertising ideas of insane people turn out to be more effective. Using the theme of sanity and insanity, film achieves the satire in comical situations, which articulate erected issues of modern advertising. â€Å"Crazy People† is equivalent to those commercials that pretend to be sending themselves up. Its upside-down ad campaigns wouldn't rate a smile in a college humor magazine, at least in part because they knowingly celebrate the system they are supposed to be satirizing.The concept is high but fraudulent. Interesting, that the director of film, Tony Bill said in interview he is counting on the controversy that is sure to be stirred up over †Crazy People† because of the fact that all the advertising in the film was used without permissi on or consultation. (Babbis) Conclusively, one trend in advertising, around no doubt for years that has become particularly shameless of late is to say exactly the opposite of what a company or product actually does.The implication is that nowadays people will accept anything you tell them. Pioneer of advertising Leo Burnett said, †Regardless of the moral issue, dishonesty in advertising has proved very unprofitable. † But perhaps everybody knows, consumers and advertisers alike, that anything anyone says doesn't matter any more. Finally, I think film accomplished with its goal and if it was ridiculing modern advertising, †Crazy people† have done it in a very funny and humorous way.

History of Corrections Essay

The corrections system in America began mostly with the arrival of William Penn and his â€Å"Great Law.† This was back in 1682; the â€Å"Great Law† was based on humane principals and also focused on hard labor as a punishment. The corrections system really began to take hold in North America in the late 1700’s with the idea’s and philosophy of Beccaria, Bentham, and Howard. These philosophies were based on the thought that prisoners could be treated and reformed back into society. This hard labor was used as an alternative to other cruel forms of punishments that were used in earlier times such as physical abuse or even brutal death. In 1790 came the birth of the Penitentiary in Philadelphia. The penitentiary was different than other systems in that it isolated prisoners, â€Å" †¦isolated from the bad influences of society and one from another so that, while engaged in productive labor, they could reflect on their past miss-deeds†¦and be reformed,† (Clear, Cole, Reisig). The American penitentiary and its new concept was observed and adopted by other foreign countries. The Pennsylvania system of the penitentiary was based on inmate isolation so that they could ponder their past behavioral choices. In this system the inmates were confined to labor on their own. In New York they had a different system, known as the Auburn system. This system differed from the Pennsylvania system because inmates would come together during the day to do their work and labor but were otherwise held in isolation. In the early 1900’s a group of progressives sought to reform the ways of the corrections system. Their ideas about the cause of crime were more centered around the social, economic, and psychological pressures on people. The progressives brought up programs that were discussed in 1870 at the Cincinnati meeting. These programs included probation, parole, and other indeterminate sentences that are still used in corrections today. As we can see the penitentiary system has changed over the years. As we advance and learn more as a society, we are able to fine tune these programs for all parties involved. Overall, the key point of all of these systems and the ultimate goal is public safety. Keeping our people safe and moving in a peaceful direction is essential to our society. Goals of Corrections The corrections system in the U.S. has five main goals when dealing with criminal sanctions. Originally the system had four main goals: Retribution, Deterrence, Incapacitation, and Rehabilitation. Later on there was much focus placed on a fifth goal: Restorative and Community Justice. These goals are designed to be effective toward different types of criminals and a combination may be used in many cases. Retribution, also known as Deserved Punishment, is much like the old saying â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth†(Clear, Cole, Reisig). Basically this is a punishment where the severity of the sentence should fit the severity of the crime. If a criminal has done wrong to someone then they deserve to feel that same wrong doing. There are two types of Deterrence used in corrections. The first is just a general deterrence, which is a method of using punishments and making them visible to the public with the goal of deterring others in the public from wanting to commit crime. Public hangings were once used as this type of deterrence. The other type is directed toward the criminal in hopes that they will not repeat crimes in the future. The punishment is to be severe enough to discourage any future criminal activity. This type is called Specific Deterrence. â€Å"Deterrence theory contends that if the public knows the consequences of deviance, many individuals will not commit a crime† (Long). Incapacitation is typically understood as the detainment of a criminal. The goal of incapacitation is to keep criminals from being able to commit further crimes. There are several different ways of using incapacitation. Reducing the movement and involvement of a criminal in society will hopefully reduce crime on the streets. â€Å"†¦ incapacitation focuses on the characteristics of the offenders instead of the characteristics of the offenses†(Clear, Cole, Reisig). Rehabilitation is more of a therapeutic method to help the criminal ditch crime and become a constructive member in society. â€Å"Rehabilitation involves teaching inmates silks and trades that will, hopefully, give them a chance to become law-abiding citizens once they are released from prison† (Long). This method is looked at as more of a treatment than a punishment, to guide the criminal to make better choices and live a better life. Restorative or Community Justice is a fairly new concept. It is aimed more at repairing damages caused by the crime to the victim(s) and the community involved. In this method the victim lays out conditions for the offender and what is necessary to help repair any losses. The community provides assistance to help restore the offender to the community. Some say that this method can be dangerous and bypasses certain safeguards. The goals of corrections are solid efforts to reduce crime. There are many improvements that could be made. As we learn and test these methods, they need to be fine tuned and have the bugs worked out. If something isn’t working in the appropriate way it needs to be addressed and refocused. I think that many of these goals will become weak and maybe overlooked with the new AB 109 bill and other reforms currently taking place in California Corrections. Prison Sanctions There are three types of sentencing structures used in the corrections system. Each type leaves some discretion for the judge and varies on the goals for the criminal. The different methods used are called: indeterminate sentences, determinate sentences, and mandatory sentences. Indeterminate sentences go in line with the idea of rehabilitation. These sentences usually have a minimum and a maximum term. It is a range and the courts use this range to determine parole and it is somewhat based on the amount of time given for a treatment program. The purpose behind this form of sentencing is incapacitation, deterrence and rehabilitation. Determinate sentencing is quite the opposite from indeterminate, hence the name. This sentencing structure follows the concept of retribution mainly. Retribution is a deserved punishment, so basically the offender is given a length of sentence based on the crime that was committed. It is a fixed sentence that goes with the specific crime committed. After the offender has served his time he is then released and is free to go without any parole or program ties. The third sentencing structure is mandatory sentencing. This structure is based on the crime committed. It has a minimum time period attached to certain crimes that the government deems fit. This type of sentencing does not take into account the different circumstances of the crime but only looks at the crime itself. â€Å"The ‘three strikes and you’re out’ laws, now adopted by several states and the federal government, provide one example of mandatory sentencing†(Clear, Cole, Reisig). The purpose behind these sentences is incapacitation and deterrence. The sentencing structures are all a bit different. I am not sure if I can say for sure that I agree with any one more than another. I think the best way may be a good mix between indeterminate and mandatory. I do agree with the idea of the rehabilitation concept to an extent but the severity of some crimes should absolutely be accompanied with a minimum period to ensure some justice. Probation, Parole, and Intermediate Sanctions Probation, Parole, and Intermediate sanctions all seem to stem from similar concepts and ideas. Each of these forms of punishment seems to be a way of easing the harsh criminal laws for certain offenders in some cases. They were all developed in order to provide different means to support the offenders’ restoration in society. Probation, which began with John Augustus in 1841, allows the offender to serve out a punishment in the community while under supervision rather than be sent to prison. John Augustus is known as the first probation officer. He began by helping people with bail back in Boston in the 1830s. It was introduced as a way to â€Å"†¦ alleviate the harshness of the criminal law† (Clear, Cole, Reisig). It is now a form of sentencing that includes investigation and supervision and is used in every state today. Captain Alexander Maconochie, who I believe is actually an ancestor of mine but will need to do more research, created a system back in the mid 1800s that would reward prisoners based on their good behavior. He developed stages that prisoners could go through based on their conduct that were like steps to freedom. He is the founder of the concept behind what we call parole today. His staged system was to gauge the offenders willingness to accept society’s rules much like parole is supervision back into society with a set of rules. This system is also a way to ease the intensity of criminal law for those with good conduct. Intermediate Sanctions came about a bit later but for very similar reasons. Some expressed these reasons as: â€Å"†¦ imprisonment is too restrictive for many offenders, traditional probation does not work with most offenders, and justice is well served by having options in between† (Clear, Cole, Reisig). These were other ways of softening the criminal laws for offenders based on certain circumstances. These intermediate sanctions were aimed at lower risk offenders as a type of rehabilitation effort. The different intermediate sanctions include programs such as: community service, restitution, home confinement, boot camp, and more. I would have to agree with the basis of all three of these programs. I think that there are many offenders that would fare well in these types of sentences. However, these are more for the lower risk type offenders that have shown good conduct and that may have a chance in becoming a functioning part of society. There are many other higher risk offenders that do not deserve the option of these sanctions. It is better for the safety of the public that these sentences are highly monitored and that the offenders are ready to be placed back in society.